Research Cell: An International Journal of Engineering Sciences

Rupinder Kaur ¹, Mandeep Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Punjabi Uuniversity, Patiala, IN

Abstract

The most commonly used dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) technology is studied. Three schemes (Pre-compensation.post-compensation, mix-compensation of Dispersion Compensation methods for 40 Gb/s non-return to Zero link using standard and dispersion compensated fiber through FBG compensator to optimize high data rate optical transmission. Objectives is to increase the quality factor, fiber length and better eye opening in eye diagram using different modulations techniques. The simulation results are validate by analyzing the Q-factor and Bit error Rate(BER) in the numerical simulator. A fiber brag grating (FBG) is one of the most important and applicable component in an optical communication system. The use of chirped FBG has been studied as a dispersion compensator in an optical communication system. The simulation Results are validated by analyzing the Q-factor. According to test, when Q=6, the BER is about 10-9; when Q=7,the BER is about 10-12.Input power is taken as 9-10 db,Thecorresponding BER is better. It is observed that the symmetrical-compensation scheme performs better than pre-, post -compensation schemes for 8x40 Gb/s wdm system.

Keywords

Dispersion Compensation, Fiber Brag Grating, EDFA, BER, DCF, Wavelength Division Multiplexing.

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Prabhjot Kaur ¹, Rupinder kaur ²

Affiliations
1 GZS, Punjab technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, IN
2 YCOE, Punjabi University campus Talwandi sabo, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Code duplication or copying a code fragment and then reuse by pasting with or without any modifications is a well known code smell in software maintenance. Several studies show that about 5% to 20% of a software systems can contain duplicated code, which is basically the results of copying existing code fragments and using then by pasting with or without minor modifications.. Since developers usually modify the copied-and-pasted code portions, there are some gaps between the original code portion and it. Here, we call such code portions include some gaps Gapped code clone. Up to the present, several code clone detection methods, which give consideration to such gap, have been proposed. However, it needs a lot of cost to detect all the gapped code clones. This paper proposes a new method to visualize the gapped code clones just as if they were actually detected, based on the detection results of conventional code clone using Solid SX and Solid SDD tool.

Keywords

Software Maintenance, Gapped Code Clone, Solid SX, solid SDD Tool.

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Rupinder Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 ECE Deptt, Rayat Polytechnic College, Punjab, IN

Abstract

WBAN based medical-health technologies have great potential for continuous monitoring in ambulatory settings, early detection of abnormal conditions, and supervised rehabilitation. They can provide patients with increased confidence and a better quality of life, and promote healthy behavior and health awareness. Continuous monitoring with early detection likely has the potential to provide patients with an increased level of confidence, which in turn may improve quality of life. In addition, ambulatory monitoring will allow patients to engage in normal activities of daily life, rather than staying at home or close to specialized medical services. Last but not least, inclusion of continuous monitoring data into medical databases will allow integrated analysis of all data to optimize individualized care and provide knowledge discovery through integrated data mining. Indeed, with the current technological trend toward integration of processors and wireless interfaces, we will soon have coin-sized intelligent sensors. They will be applied as skin patches, seamlessly integrated into a personal monitoring system, and worn for extended periods of time.

Keywords

WBAN, GPS, PDA, BAN.

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Rupinder Kaur ¹, Kavita Vij ¹, Surbhi Sha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, 147001, IN

Abstract

This paper investigates the performance of optimum combining (OC) in underlay cognitive radio (CR) in the presence of multiple primary user's transmitters (PUT-xs) in flat Rayleigh fading channels. The number of PUT-xs 𝐿_𝑡 and antennas at secondary user receiver (SU-Rx) 𝐾_r are related as 𝐿_𝑡 ≥ 𝐾𝑟. Closed form expressions are obtained for the ergodic capacity and average bit error rate (BER) of the CR-OC system. Analytical results are validated through simulations. Performance of proposed system is compared with the Maximal ratio combining (MRC) in cognitive radio (CR-MRC).

Keywords

Average Bit Error Rate, Cognitive Radio, Ergodic Capacity, Maximal Ratio Combining, Optimum Combining.

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